第一級第二級第三級第四級第五級第六級
第一級第二級第三級第四級第五級第六級
Six - Way Paragraphs Middle Level
21. The Wizard of Wall Street
At the age of eighty , Hetty Green lived like a pauper in an unheated apartment . To save the cost of heating her food , she ate only cold eggs and onions . In order to save more money , Hetty wore newspapers instead of underwear . She had only the bottoms of her dresses cleaned . A very poor person , you say ? No , Hetty was one of America 's richest women !
Hetty Green was born in 1835 in a rich section of Bellow Falls , Vermont. When her father died , she was left a large fortune . She took all of her money and invested it in the stock market . Her stocks did so well that she became known as “ the wizard of Wall Street . ”
But though she was very rich , Hetty Green was extremely cheap . For instance , when her son , Edward, broke his leg , she refused to call for a doctor . She felt it would cost too much . So she carried her son to a charity hospital . Still , young Edward's leg got worse . Finally , the leg had to be removed to save the boy 's life . But Hetty still didn't want to pay the hospital fee . Instead , in order to save more money , she had her son 's operation done on the kitchen table in her rooming house .
When Hetty died in 1916, she was worth over $120 million . Yet this tightfisted woman had lived as though she barely had a cent .
22 Surviving in Very Cold Climates
Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May ! Animals such as marmots and ground squirrels stay warm by sleeping all winter . All this time , they do not wake up once . This special kind of sleep is called hibernation. During this sleep , the heart slows down , and the animal breathes more slowly . It doesn't move around , so it uses less energy .
Animals like the marmot and the ground squirrel inhabit the coldest parts of the world . They need special talents to survive in these frigid places . Their furry coats keep them snug when the temperature falls below zero . It often gets this cold in the Arctic , a land that is just below the North Pole .
Before the long winter , some animals eat and eat . After a while , they grow very fat . When winter comes , they live on the fat saved up in their bodies . The fat layers help keep them warm .
Arctic animals also have other ways to beat the cold . Rabbits in the Arctic , for example , have very small ears . Small ears keep heat in , while big ears let it out . Small things usually keep heat in . Have you ever slept in a room that is very small and noticed how hot it can get ?
It rarely gets warm in the Arctic . But although summer seasons there are very short , the sun shines brightly . Plants seem to spring up before your eyes ! Animals such as caribou look forward all year to summer , when they can eat fresh grass again . Every minute of sunshine is important to their lives .
23 Let's Shake on It
What could be simpler than shaking fruit from a tree ? Well , the job is a lot tougher than you might think . There is definitely a right way and a wrong way to shake a fruit tree . And a person who is a good apple tree shaker may not be a good cherry tree shaker. Different fruits take different shakes .
As a rule , a slow , hard shake is best . This makes the fruit fall much faster than a light , quick jiggle. Most fruits have a set number of shakes per minute that will do the best job of getting them out of the tree and onto the ground . To shake down plums , try shaking the tree four hundred times per minute , moving the tree two inches at each shake . Experts say you'll get three times more fruit from the tree than you will if you shake eleven hundred times per minute at one inch per shake . Cherries , because they are smaller , need more jarring. A good rate of shaking seems to be about twelve hundred shakes per minute . Apples , like plums , need about four hundred shakes .
Of course , some folks may choose to ignore all these expert directions for jiggling fruit . Can you actually imagine shaking a tree so many times ? Be s ides , keeping track of all the numbers can be enough to drive some people up a tree .
24 Slow but Sure
Nowadays the Indianapolis 500, one of the world 's most famous car races , takes about three - and - a - half hours to run . If the Indy 500 had been held in 1895, it would have taken almost three days . The horseless carriage had just been invented a short time before . Top speeds back then were much lower than they are today . For most people , just seeing a car move without a horse pulling it was thrilling enough . The driver 's main concern was making sure the car didn't break down .
One of the first car races was held in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day in 1895. Folks crowded the streets to gawk at the new machines . The route of the race went through the heart of town . The cars were to go out to a nearby suburb and back . The race covered a distance of about fifty - four miles . That's less than one -tenth the distance at Indy. The drivers cranked up their engines and prayed that t hey wouldn't conk out . Then they were off . The race proved too much for some of the cars . Perhaps they couldn't withstand the high speeds . The winner of the contest was J. Frank Duryea. He got the checkered flag a bit more than seven hours after he started . He had covered the grueling distance at an average speed of 7.5 miles per hour . That is slower than a modern marathoner can go on foot . Even so , as Duryea finished , the crowd went wild .
25 Scallops and Clams
Scallops and clams are both mollusks— shelled sea creatures with soft bodies . Yet they have more differences than similarities . Scallops and clams both feed by pulling water through their shells and straining out tiny plants and animals as their food . Both shellfish are popular prey for many other sea creatures . But when it comes to searching for safety , they have very different ways .
The scallop lies on the floor of the ocean in shallow to fairly deep water . Its curved shell raises it just above the sand o r g ravel on the bottom . It looks almost helpless lying there . But don't let it fool you . There is a ring of tiny eyes peering out from the scallop's shell . At the first sign of an enemy , the scallop takes off , swimming by jetting spurts of water out behind it . It's a very fast swimmer.
Any clam that dared to lie in full view on the ocean floor would quickly be eaten . Clams make a tasty meal for starfish, crabs , or carnivorous snails . They move very slowly and cannot swim at all . They find safety by burrowing deep into the mud or sand . Their long necks stretch like periscopes, up to the top of the sand . Just the tip of the neck pokes out to get food for the clam . If anything comes near , the neck can quickly be pulled back within the shell . The clam stays safe below the surface , two or three feet down .
Six - Way Paragraphs Middle Level
21. The Wizard of Wall Street
At the age of eighty , Hetty Green lived like a pauper in an unheated apartment . To save the cost of heating her food , she ate only cold eggs and onions . In order to save more money , Hetty wore newspapers instead of underwear . She had only the bottoms of her dresses cleaned . A very poor person , you say ? No , Hetty was one of America 's richest women !
Hetty Green was born in 1835 in a rich section of Bellow Falls , Vermont. When her father died , she was left a large fortune . She took all of her money and invested it in the stock market . Her stocks did so well that she became known as “ the wizard of Wall Street .”
But though she was very rich , Hetty Green was extremely cheap . For instance , when her son , Edward, broke his leg , she refused to call for a doctor . She felt it would cost too much . So she carried her son to a charity hospital . Still , young Edward's leg got worse . Finally , the leg had to be removed to save the boy 's life . But Hetty still didn't want to pay the hospital fee . Instead , in order to save more money , she had her son 's operation done on the kitchen table in her rooming house .
When Hetty died in 1916, she was worth over $120 million . Yet this tightfisted woman had lived as though she barely had a cent .
22 Surviving in Very Cold Climates
Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May ! Animals such as marmots and ground squirrels stay warm by sleeping all winter . All this time , they do not wake up once . This special kind of sleep is called hibernation. During this sleep , the heart slows down , and the animal breathes more slowly . It doesn't move around , so it uses less energy .
Animals like the marmot and the ground squirrel inhabit the coldest parts of the world . They need special talents to survive in these frigid places . Their furry coats keep them snug when the temperature falls below zero . It often gets this cold in the Arctic , a land that is just below the North Pole .
Before the long winter , some animals eat and eat . After a while , they grow very fat . When winter comes , they live on the fat saved up in their bodies . The fat layers help keep them warm .
Arctic animals also have other ways to beat the cold . Rabbits in the Arctic , for example , have very small ears . Small ears keep heat in , while big ears let it out . Small things usually keep heat in . Have you ever slept in a room that is very small and noticed how hot it can get ?
It rarely gets warm in the Arctic . But although summer seasons there are very short , the sun shines brightly . Plants seem to spring up before your eyes ! Animals such as caribou look forward all year to summer , when they can eat fresh grass again . Every minute of sunshine is important to their lives .
23 Let's Shake on It
What could be simpler than shaking fruit from a tree ? Well , the job is a lot tougher than you might think . There is definitely a right way and a wrong way to shake a fruit tree . And a person who is a good apple tree shaker may not be a good cherry tree shaker. Different fruits take different shakes .
As a rule , a slow , hard shake is best . This makes the fruit fall much faster than a light , quick jiggle. Most fruits have a set number of shakes per minute that will do the best job of getting them out of the tree and onto the ground . To shake down plums , try shaking the tree four hundred times per minute , moving the tree two inches at each shake . Experts say you'll get three times more fruit from the tree than you will if you shake eleven hundred times per minute at one inch per shake . Cherries , because they are smaller , need more jarring. A good rate of shaking seems to be about twelve hundred shakes per minute . Apples , like plums , need about four hundred shakes .
Of course , some folks may choose to ignore all these expert directions for jiggling fruit . Can you actually imagine shaking a tree so many times ? Besides , keeping track of all the numbers can be enough to drive some people up a tree .
24 Slow but Sure
Nowadays the Indianapolis 500, one of the world 's most famous car races , takes about three - and - a - half hours to run . If the Indy 500 had been held in 1895, it would have taken almost three days . The horseless carriage had just been invented a short time before . Top speeds back then were much lower than they are today . For most people , just seeing a car move without a horse pulling it was thrilling enough . The driver 's main concern was making sure the car didn't break down .
One of the first car races was held in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day in 1895. Folks crowded the streets to gawk at the new machines . The route of the race went through the heart of town . The cars were to go out to a nearby suburb and back . The race covered a distance of about fifty - four miles . That's less than one -tenth the distance at Indy. The drivers cranked up their engines and prayed that they wouldn't conk out . Then they were off . The race proved too much for some of the cars . Perhaps they couldn't withstand the high speeds . The winner of the contest was J. Frank Duryea. He got the checkered flag a bit more than seven hours after he started . He had covered the grueling distance at an average speed of 7.5 miles per hour . That is slower than a modern marathoner can go on foot . Even so , as Duryea finished , the crowd went wild .
25 Scallops and Clams
Scallops and clams are both mollusks— shelled sea creatures with soft bodies . Yet they have more differences than similarities . Scallops and clams both feed by pulling water through their shells and straining out tiny plants and animals as their food . Both shellfish are popular prey for many other sea creatures . But when it comes to searching for safety , they have very different ways .
The scallop lies on the floor of the ocean in shallow to fairly deep water . Its curved shell raises it just above the sand or gravel on the bottom . It looks almost helpless lying there . But don't let it fool you . There is a ring of tiny eyes peering out from the scallop's shell . At the first sign of an enemy , the scallop takes off , swimming by jetting spurts of water out behind it . It's a very fast swimmer.
Any clam that dared to lie in full view on the ocean floor would quickly be eaten . Clams make a tasty meal for starfish, crabs , or carnivorous snails . They move very slowly and cannot swim at all . They find safety by burrowing deep into the mud or sand . Their long necks stretch like periscopes, up to the top of the sand . Just the tip of the neck pokes out to get food for the clam . If anything comes near , the neck can quickly be pulled back within the shell . The clam stays safe below the surface , two or three feet down .
第一級第二級第三級第四級第五級第六級
Six - Way Paragraphs Middle Level
21. The Wizard of Wall Street
At the age of eighty , Hetty Green lived like a pauper in an unheated apartment . To save the cost of heating her food , she ate only cold eggs and onions . In order to save more money , Hetty wore newspapers instead of underwear . She had only the bottoms of her dresses cleaned . A very poor person , you say ? No , Hetty was one of America 's richest women !
Hetty Green was born in 1835 in a rich section of Bellow Falls , Vermont. When her father died , she was left a large fortune . She took all of her money and invested it in the stock market . Her stocks did so well that she became known as “ the wizard of Wall Street . ”
But though she was very rich , Hetty Green was extremely cheap . For instance , when her son , Edward, broke his leg , she refused to call for a doctor . She felt it would cost too much . So she carried her son to a charity hospital . Still , young Edward's leg got worse . Finally , the leg had to be removed to save the boy 's life . But Hetty still didn't want to pay the hospital fee . Instead , in order to save more money , she had her son 's operation done on the kitchen table in her rooming house .
When Hetty died in 1916, she was worth over $120 million . Yet this tightfisted woman had lived as though she barely had a cent .
22 Surviving in Very Cold Climates
Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May ! Animals such as marmots and ground squirrels stay warm by sleeping all winter . All this time , they do not wake up once . This special kind of sleep is called hibernation. During this sleep , the heart slows down , and the animal breathes more slowly . It doesn't move around , so it uses less energy .
Animals like the marmot and the ground squirrel inhabit the coldest parts of the world . They need special talents to survive in these frigid places . Their furry coats keep them snug when the temperature falls below zero . It often gets this cold in the Arctic , a land that is just below the North Pole .
Before the long winter , some animals eat and eat . After a while , they grow very fat . When winter comes , they live on the fat saved up in their bodies . The fat layers help keep them warm .
Arctic animals also have other ways to beat the cold . Rabbits in the Arctic , for example , have very small ears . Small ears keep heat in , while big ears let it out . Small things usually keep heat in . Have you ever slept in a room that is very small and noticed how hot it can get ?
It rarely gets warm in the Arctic . But although summer seasons there are very short , the sun shines brightly . Plants seem to spring up before your eyes ! Animals such as caribou look forward all year to summer , when they can eat fresh grass again . Every minute of sunshine is important to their lives .
23 Let's Shake on It
What could be simpler than shaking fruit from a tree ? Well , the job is a lot tougher than you might think . There is definitely a right way and a wrong way to shake a fruit tree . And a person who is a good apple tree shaker may not be a good cherry tree shaker. Different fruits take different shakes .
As a rule , a slow , hard shake is best . This makes the fruit fall much faster than a light , quick jiggle. Most fruits have a set number of shakes per minute that will do the best job of getting them out of the tree and onto the ground . To shake down plums , try shaking the tree four hundred times per minute , moving the tree two inches at each shake . Experts say you'll get three times more fruit from the tree than you will if you shake eleven hundred times per minute at one inch per shake . Cherries , because they are smaller , need more jarring. A good rate of shaking seems to be about twelve hundred shakes per minute . Apples , like plums , need about four hundred shakes .
Of course , some folks may choose to ignore all these expert directions for jiggling fruit . Can you actually imagine shaking a tree so many times ? Be s ides , keeping track of all the numbers can be enough to drive some people up a tree .
24 Slow but Sure
Nowadays the Indianapolis 500, one of the world 's most famous car races , takes about three - and - a - half hours to run . If the Indy 500 had been held in 1895, it would have taken almost three days . The horseless carriage had just been invented a short time before . Top speeds back then were much lower than they are today . For most people , just seeing a car move without a horse pulling it was thrilling enough . The driver 's main concern was making sure the car didn't break down .
One of the first car races was held in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day in 1895. Folks crowded the streets to gawk at the new machines . The route of the race went through the heart of town . The cars were to go out to a nearby suburb and back . The race covered a distance of about fifty - four miles . That's less than one -tenth the distance at Indy. The drivers cranked up their engines and prayed that t hey wouldn't conk out . Then they were off . The race proved too much for some of the cars . Perhaps they couldn't withstand the high speeds . The winner of the contest was J. Frank Duryea. He got the checkered flag a bit more than seven hours after he started . He had covered the grueling distance at an average speed of 7.5 miles per hour . That is slower than a modern marathoner can go on foot . Even so , as Duryea finished , the crowd went wild .
25 Scallops and Clams
Scallops and clams are both mollusks— shelled sea creatures with soft bodies . Yet they have more differences than similarities . Scallops and clams both feed by pulling water through their shells and straining out tiny plants and animals as their food . Both shellfish are popular prey for many other sea creatures . But when it comes to searching for safety , they have very different ways .
The scallop lies on the floor of the ocean in shallow to fairly deep water . Its curved shell raises it just above the sand o r g ravel on the bottom . It looks almost helpless lying there . But don't let it fool you . There is a ring of tiny eyes peering out from the scallop's shell . At the first sign of an enemy , the scallop takes off , swimming by jetting spurts of water out behind it . It's a very fast swimmer.
Any clam that dared to lie in full view on the ocean floor would quickly be eaten . Clams make a tasty meal for starfish, crabs , or carnivorous snails . They move very slowly and cannot swim at all . They find safety by burrowing deep into the mud or sand . Their long necks stretch like periscopes, up to the top of the sand . Just the tip of the neck pokes out to get food for the clam . If anything comes near , the neck can quickly be pulled back within the shell . The clam stays safe below the surface , two or three feet down .
Six-Way Paragraphs Middle Level
21. The Wizard of Wall Street
21. The Wizard of Wall Street
At the age of eighty, Hetty Green lived like a pauper in an unheated apartment. To save the cost of heating her food, she ate only cold eggs and onions. In order to save more money, Hetty wore newspapers instead of underwear. She had only the bottoms of her dresses cleaned. A very poor person, you say? No, Hetty was one of America's richest women!
Hetty Green was born in 1835 in a rich section of Bellow Falls, Vermont. When her father died, she was left a large fortune. She took all of her money and invested it in the stock market. Her stocks did so well that she became known as “the wizard of Wall Street.”
But though she was very rich, Hetty Green was extremely cheap. For instance, when her son, Edward, broke his leg, she refused to call for a doctor. She felt it would cost too much. So she carried her son to a charity hospital. Still, young Edward's leg got worse. Finally, the leg had to be removed to save the boy's life. But Hetty still didn't want to pay the hospital fee. Instead, in order to save more money, she had her son's operation done on the kitchen table in her rooming house.
When Hetty died in 1916, she was worth over $120 million. Yet this tightfisted woman had lived as though she barely had a cent.
22 Surviving in Very Cold Climates
Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May! Animals such as marmots and ground squirrels stay warm by sleeping all winter. All this time, they do not wake up once. This special kind of sleep is called hibernation. During this sleep, the heart slows down, and the animal breathes more slowly. It doesn't move around, so it uses less energy.
Animals like the marmot and the ground squirrel inhabit the coldest parts of the world. They need special talents to survive in these frigid places. Their furry coats keep them snug when the temperature falls below zero. It often gets this cold in the Arctic, a land that is just below the North Pole.
Before the long winter, some animals eat and eat. After a while, they grow very fat. When winter comes, they live on the fat saved up in their bodies. The fat layers help keep them warm.
Arctic animals also have other ways to beat the cold. Rabbits in the Arctic, for example, have very small ears. Small ears keep heat in, while big ears let it out. Small things usually keep heat in. Have you ever slept in a room that is very small and noticed how hot it can get?
It rarely gets warm in the Arctic. But although summer seasons there are very short, the sun shines brightly. Plants seem to spring up before your eyes! Animals such as caribou look forward all year to summer, when they can eat fresh grass again. Every minute of sunshine is important to their lives.
23 Let's Shake on It
What could be simpler than shaking fruit from a tree? Well, the job is a lot tougher than you might think. There is definitely a right way and a wrong way to shake a fruit tree. And a person who is a good apple tree shaker may not be a good cherry tree shaker. Different fruits take different shakes.
As a rule, a slow, hard shake is best. This makes the fruit fall much faster than a light, quick jiggle. Most fruits have a set number of shakes per minute that will do the best job of getting them out of the tree and onto the ground. To shake down plums, try shaking the tree four hundred times per minute, moving the tree two inches at each shake. Experts say you'll get three times more fruit from the tree than you will if you shake eleven hundred times per minute at one inch per shake. Cherries, because they are smaller, need more jarring. A good rate of shaking seems to be about twelve hundred shakes per minute. Apples , like plums, need about four hundred shakes. Of course, some fol ks may choose to ignore all these expert directions for jiggling fruit. Can you actually imagine shaking a tree so many times? Besides, keeping track of all the numbers can be enough to drive some people up a tree.
As a rule, a slow, hard shake is best. This makes the fruit fall much faster than a light, quick jiggle. Most fruits have a set number of shakes per minute that will do the best job of getting them out of the tree and onto the ground. To shake down plums, try shaking the tree four hundred times per minute, moving the tree two inches at each shake. Experts say you'll get three times more fruit from the tree than you will if you shake eleven hundred times per minute at one inch per shake. Cherries, because they are smaller, need more jarring. A good rate of shaking seems to be about twelve hundred shakes per minute. Apples , like plums, need about four hundred shakes. Of course, some fol ks may choose to ignore all these expert directions for jiggling fruit. Can you actually imagine shaking a tree so many times? Besides, keeping track of all the numbers can be enough to drive some people up a tree.
24 Slow but Sure
Nowadays the Indianapolis 500, one of the world's most famous car races, takes about three-and-a-half hours to run. If the Indy 500 had been held in 1895, it would have taken almost three days. The horseless carriage had just been invented a short time before. Top speeds back then were much lower than they are today. For most people, just seeing a car move without a horse pulling it was thrilling enough. The driver's main concern was making sure the car didn't break down.
One of the first car races was held in Chicago on Thanksgiving Day in 1895. Folks crowded the streets to gawk at the new machines. The route of the race went through the heart of town. The cars were to go out to a nearby suburb and back. The race covered a distance of about fifty-four miles. That's less than one-tenth the distance at Indy. The drivers cranked up their engines and prayed that they wouldn't conk out. Then they were off. The race proved too much for some of the cars. Perhaps they couldn't withstand the high speeds. The winner of the contest was J. Frank Duryea. He got the checkered flag a bit more than seven hours after he started. He had covered the grueling distance at an average speed of 7.5 miles per hour. That is slower than a modern marathoner can go on foot. Even so, as Duryea finished, the crowd went wild.
25 Scallops and Clams
Scallops and clams are both mollusks—shelled sea creatures with soft bodies. Yet they have more differences than similarities. Scallops and clams both feed by pulling water through their shells and straining out tiny plants and animals as their food. Both shellfish are popular prey for many other sea creatures. But when it comes to searching for safety, they have very different ways.
The scallop lies on the floor of the ocean in shallow to fairly deep water. Its curved shell raises it just above the sand or gravel on the bottom. It looks almost helpless lying there. But don't let it fool you. There is a ring of tiny eyes peering out from the scallop's shell. At the first sign of an enemy, the scallop takes off, swimming by jetting spurts of water out behind it. It's a very fast swimmer.
Any clam that dared to lie in full view on the ocean floor would quickly be eaten. Clams make a tasty meal for starfish, crabs, or carnivorous snails. They move very slowly and cannot swim at all. They find safety by burrowing deep into the mud or sand. Their long necks stretch like periscopes, up to the top of the sand. Just the tip of the neck pokes out to get food for the clam. If anything comes near, the neck can quickly be pulled back within the shell. The clam stays safe below the surface, two or three feet down.
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